- Calcareous Ooze
- Caldera
- Caliche
- Cambrian Period
- Cannon, Annie Jump (1863-1941)
- Canyon
- Carbon
- Carbon Dating
- Carbon Dioxide
- Carmichael Stopes, Marie Charlotte (1880-1958)
- Carson, Rachel (1907-1964)
- Cartography
- Catastrophic Mass Movements
- Catastrophism
- Cave
- Cave Minerals and Speleothems
- CCD (Carbonate Compensation Depth)
- Celestial Sphere: The Apparent Motions of the Sun, Moon, Planets, and Stars
- Cenozoic Era
- Chalcophiles, Lithophiles, Siderophiles, and Atmophiles
- Challenger Expedition
- Channel Patterns
- Chaos Theory (meteorological aspects)
- Chemical Bonds and Physical Properties
- Chemical Elements
- Chemistry
- Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria as Weathering Agents
- Chert
- Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
- Chronostratigraphy
