- Mafic
- Magellan, Ferdinand (1480-1521)
- Magma
- Magma Chamber
- Magnetic Field
- Magnetism and Magnetic Properties
- Mantle Plumes
- Mapping Techniques
- Marble
- Marine Transgression and Marine Regression
- Mass Movement
- Mass Wasting
- Matthews, Drummond (1931-1937)
- Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau de (1698-1759)
- Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)
- Mendeleev, Dmitry (1834-1907)
- Mercator, Gerhard (1512-1594)
- Mesosphere
- Mesozoic Era
- Metals
- Metamorphic Rock
- Metamorphism
- Meteoroids and Meteorites
- Meteorology
- Mid-Ocean Ridges and Rifts
- Mid-Plate Earthquakes
- Migmatite
- Milankovitch Cycles
- Miller-Urey Experiment
- Mineralogy
