- Paleocene Epoch
- Paleoclimate
- Paleomagnetics
- Paleozoic Era
- Partial Melting
- Pegmatite
- Pennsylvanian Period
- Penzias, Arno (1933- )
- Peridotite
- Periodic Table (Predicting the Structure and Properties of the Elements)
- Permafrost
- Permian Period
- Perutz, Max (1914-2002)
- Petroleum
- Petroleum Detection
- Petroleum Extraction
- Petroleum Microbiology
- Petroleum, Economic Uses of
- Petroleum, History of Exploration
- pH
- Phanerozoic Eon
- Phase State Changes
- Phyllite
- Phyllosilicates
- Physical Geography
- Physics
- Piccard, Jacques Ernest-Jean (1922- )
- Pipe, Volcanic
- Plagioclase
- Planck, Max (1858-1947)
