Time: Physical and Biological Aspects

Insofar as science aims at reconstructing the laws of nature, which describe the temporal development of nature's physical constituents and allow for predicting future events out of data derived from past events, time is a fundamental and crucial notion of empirical sciences. Science, however, does not deal with time itself, but with changes and events in time. Consequently, what really matters in science "is not how we define time, but how we measure it" (Feynman, p. 5-1). As such, time constitutes the realm, rather than the object, of scientific investigation. The nature and character of time must be derived from interpretation of the basic structure of science and its method. And because time does not refer to external objects of investigation, but to the presupposed internal order of physical phenomena, it is closely related to human experience and the human perception of time, which is the sequential, nonspatial order of events,...

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